Name: Glossary of steel industry terms P-S
Creator: Metals Consulting International Limited
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

Steel Industry Glossary of Terms: P-S.

Technical glossary

Term	Glossary Explanation
PAH	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. These may be emitted during electric steelmaking to the air, and thus represent a potential health hazard in EAF operations
Passivation	Changing of a chemically reactive metal surface to a less reactive state, typically through chemical treatment
PCI	Pulverised coal injection - a process increasingly used in blast furnaces, typically offering substantial economic benefits through greater use of coal and proportionately less use of metallurgical coke
Pickling	Removal of mill scale by mechanical and chemical means
Pig iron	A key intermediate material in the integrated (converter-based) steelmaking process, pig iron is the product of smelting iron ore, coke and limestone in a blast furnace. Merchant pig iron is sometimes used as as substitute for scrap in EAF steelmaking, when there is a need to control residuals
PPGI	Pre-painted galvanised iron, a common term for pre-painted hot dip galvanised steel - also known as organic coated sheet [OCS] or prepainted sheet
PPPL	Common abbreviation for push-pull pickling line
Price cycle	Refers to the well-established phenomenon of cyclicality in international steel price movements. Although no cycle is ever identical, this cyclicality has in recent years been characterised by price swings from peak to trough of 25% or more, and by a periodicity (from peak to peak, or trough to trough) of approx. two years
Proof stress	The stress that will give rise to a specified permanent extension of the material undergoing a tensile test. The 0.2% proof stress is most commonly quoted
Q-Jenius	Danieli energy management system that dynamically handles energy generated from in-house renewable sources such as solar power
Q-One	A Danieli energy system for EAFs that uses a high-performance electricity power supply
Quarto Plate	Steel plate that is usually made on a one- or two-stand four-high plate mill. Quarto plate is usually wide and in straight lengths rather than coiled
Quenching	Rapid cooling - typically undertaken to obtained a specific property such as increased hardness of steel
REACH	Acronym for 'Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals', an initiative introduced by the European Commission to improve the protection of the environment from chemical hazards
Reduction	Chemical removal of oxygen. Thus direct reduced iron (DRI) is formed through the reduction of iron oxide
Reduction ratio	Typically refers to extent of area compression in the production of hot rolled bar. Reduction ratios of 15:1 used to be the norm for quality applications (e.g. engineering steels) some 10-20 years ago, but even this expectation has fallen with the advent of modern continuous casting practices. Reduction ratios as low as 8:1 are currently acceptable for many high quality long product applications
Residuals	Refer to so-called tramp elements such as copper and tin, which are typically introduced into the steelmaking process in the form of unsorted or contaminated scrap and which can impair the physical and mechanical properties of steel
Refractory	Adjective refers to an ability to retain strength at high temperature. Noun describes the material. In the steel industry, refractory materials are used for furnace linings
Rod	Refers to small cross-section bar, typically ~5.5 to ~13.5mm diameter that is coiled after rolling. Also known as Wire Rod
SALCOS	Salzgitter plan for low CO2 steelmaking, using green hydrogen and direct reduced iron together with EAF-steelmaking to replace blast-furnace based integrated steelmaking
SAF	Submerged arc furnace - a type of electric arc furnace mostly used for production of ferroalloys. The term 'submerged' refers to the arrangement whereby the furnace's electrodes are buried deep within the furnace burden
SAW	Submerged arc welding - a welding process that uses the heat of an electric arc to melt an electrode held adjacent to a workpiece under a blanket of granular flux [hence 'submerged']
SBQ	Special bar quality - an American term for engineering steel
Scale	Oxide layer which forms on a steel surface at high temperatures
Scarfing	The removal of surface defects, usually on semi-products by flame cutting methods. Can be carried out in-line during primary rolling when it is referred to as hot scarfing
Semi	Colloquialism used in reference to semi-finished steel, i.e. ingot, bloom, billet or slab
Sequence casting	Process of casting two or more heats of the same grade of steel in succession through a continuous caster in order to reduce yield losses
Sheet piling	Piling based on use of thin interlocking sheets of steel to obtain a continuous barrier in earth or sand
Short ton	Unit of weight commonly used in the USA and which refers to 2000 pounds. A short ton is equivalent to ~0.907 metric tonnes. See also glossary entry for tonne
Silicon steel	Another term for electrical steel - steel with particular electrical and magnetic properties that makes it especially suited to use in cores of electrical transformers, electrical motors, generators etc
Sintering	A process in which fine materials (typically iron ore fines and coke breeze) are combined into a porous mass that can be used in the blast furnace
Skelp	Narrow or medium-width hot rolled strip (generally 200-700mm in width) commonly used for the production of welded tube
Sponge iron	A metallic product made by direct reduction of iron, via the removal of oxygen from iron ore. Sponge iron is also known as DRI, or direct reduced iron
Slab	Semi-finished steel product - the main intermediate material in the production of flat rolled steel. Slab, typically ~150-400 mm thick, is usually hot rolled into plate or into hot rolled coil
SSAW	Spiral submerged arc welded pipe - a type of large diameter pipe, usually over 20 inches in diameter. Also known as HSAW pipe
SSC	Steel service centre. A typical SSC in the industrialised world may offer customers mechanical services (e.g. cutting, slitting, sawing, shearing, grinding, polishing, drilling, corrugating, edge-shaping, pressing, blanking), advisory services (CAD, material selection, testing, expert technical support) and / or inventory support (bar-coding, storage, JIT, etc)
Stainless	An alloy of carbon and iron that has a minimum chromium content of 10.5 percent
Steckel Mill	Sheet rolling mill that reduces steel gauge by repeated reversal of rolling action. Heated coil boxes at each end allow the steel to be reheated prior to each reversing pass through the Steckel mill's stands
Strand	A combination of individual steel wires that are specially twisted together. Individual strands are often combined in the manufacture of steel rope
Strip mill products	Hot and cold rolled steel coil, sheet and / or strip

Related Links
Glossary A-C
Glossary D-H
Glossary I-O
Glossary P-S
Glossary T-Z

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Glossary of steel industry terms, P-S.

Steel Industry Glossary of Terms: P-S.

Technical glossary